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  2. DNA methylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_methylation

    Typical DNA methylation landscape in mammals. The DNA methylation landscape of vertebrates is very particular compared to other organisms. In mammals, around 75% of CpG dinucleotides are methylated in somatic cells, [19] and DNA methylation appears as a default state that has to be specifically excluded from defined locations.

  3. CpG site - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CpG_site

    Neuron DNA methylation is required for synaptic plasticity; is modified by experiences; and active DNA methylation and demethylation is required for memory formation and maintenance. [ 52 ] In 2016 Halder et al. [ 53 ] using mice, and in 2017 Duke et al. [ 52 ] using rats, subjected the rodents to contextual fear conditioning , causing an ...

  4. Differentially methylated region - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentially_methylated...

    Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) are genomic regions with different DNA methylation status across different biological samples and regarded as possible functional regions involved in gene transcriptional regulation. The biological samples can be different cells/tissues within the same individual, the same cell/tissue at different times ...

  5. DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_(cytosine-5)-methyl...

    DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of methyl groups to specific CpG structures in DNA, a process called DNA methylation. The enzyme is encoded in humans by the DNMT3A gene. [5] [6] This enzyme is responsible for de novo DNA methylation. Such function is to be distinguished from maintenance ...

  6. Methylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylation

    In mammals, DNA methylation is common in body cells, [7] and methylation of CpG sites seems to be the default. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Human DNA has about 80–90% of CpG sites methylated, but there are certain areas, known as CpG islands , that are CG-rich (high cytosine and guanine content, made up of about 65% CG residues ), wherein none is methylated.

  7. Transcriptional regulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptional_regulation

    The binding of EGR1 to its target DNA binding site is insensitive to cytosine methylation in the DNA. [23] While only small amounts of EGR1 transcription factor protein are detectable in cells that are un-stimulated, translation of the EGR1 gene into protein at one hour after stimulation is drastically elevated. [24]

  8. Histone methylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_methylation

    Histone methylation is a process by which methyl groups are transferred to amino acids of histone proteins that make up nucleosomes, which the DNA double helix wraps around to form chromosomes. Methylation of histones can either increase or decrease transcription of genes, depending on which amino acids in the histones are methylated, and how ...

  9. Eukaryotic transcription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_transcription

    Transcription can be silenced by histone modification (deacetylation and methylation), RNA interference, and/or DNA methylation. [41] The gene expression patterns that define cell identity are inherited through cell division. [1] This process is called epigenetic regulation.