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ISBN 9788124604274, ISBN 8124604274, OCLC 769743700 [language: Hindi, translated from 2007 English original ISBN 8124604266, ISBN 9788124604267, OCLC 636929116] Pavitra Kumāra Śarmā (2007). Tarka śāstra. Jayapura: Haṃsā Prakāśana. OCLC 309717739 [language: Hindi] Gulābarāya. Tarka śāstra. Kāśī: Nāgarīpracāriṇī Sabhā.
Sarva-Darsana Sangraha of Madhava Acharya: Review of Different Systems of Hindu Philosophy. New Delhi: Indian Books Centre/Sri Satguru Publications. ISBN 81-703-0875-5. Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
Indian philosophy during the ancient and medieval periods also yielded philosophical systems that share concepts with the āstika traditions but reject the Vedas. These have been called nāstika (heterodox or non-orthodox) philosophies, [ 6 ] [ 2 ] and they include: Buddhism , Jainism , Charvaka , Ajivika , and others, [ 10 ] which are thus ...
The Vākyapadīya, also known as Trikāṇḍī (three books), is an Indian linguistic treatise on the philosophy of language, grammar, and semantics. It is divided into 3 main sections (or kāṇḍa): Brahma-kāṇḍa (Book of Brahman), Vākya-kāṇḍa (Book of Sentences), and Pada-kāṇḍa (Book of Words), and contains about 635 verses.
The text consists of five books, with two chapters in each book, with a cumulative total of 528 aphoristic sutras, about rules of reason, logic, epistemology and metaphysics. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The Nyāya Sūtras is a Hindu text, [ note 1 ] notable for focusing on knowledge and logic, and making no mention of Vedic rituals. [ 9 ]
Ashtavakra Gita is a dialogue between Ashtavakra and Janaka on the nature of Self/Atman, reality and bondage. [9] It offers a radical version of non-dualist philosophy. The Gita insists on the complete unreality of the external world and absolute oneness of existence.
Jain philosophy is the oldest Indian philosophy that separates body from the soul (consciousness) completely. [42] Each individual soul is inherently endowed with infinite knowledge and boundless bliss. However, since infinity its true nature has remained veiled due to ignorance, causing it to mistakenly identify with the physical body.
The Shuddhadvaita philosophy has also been explained by various scholars of the sect, such as Devarshi Ramanath Shastri, who has enunciated the tenets of this philosophy in his books ‘Shuddhadvait Siddhantasaar’ (Hindi and Gujarati) and Shuddhadvaita Darshan. [11] [12]