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Jainism (/ ˈ dʒ eɪ n ɪ z əm / JAY-niz-əm), also known as Jain Dharma, [1] is an Indian religion.Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of Dharma), with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, who lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha, whom historians date to the ...
2 Beliefs. 3 Major schools. ... Ethics of Jainism Mahavratas (major vows) Ahiṃsā (non-violence) Satya (truth) ... Jainism and Hinduism; Jainism and Islam;
The five great vows apply only to ascetics in Jainism, and in their place are five minor vows for laypeople (householders). The historic texts of Jains accept that any activity by a layperson would involve some form of himsa (violence) to some living beings, and therefore the minor vow emphasizes reduction of the impact and active efforts to ...
Amūḍhadṛṣṭitva - Absence of false understanding of the Jina's teachings. Upabṛṃhana - Acquiring excellence in spiritual activities and observance of religious practices. Shtitikaraṇa - Stabilizing the faith of fellow Jains who seem to be shaky in their faith in the teachings of the Jinas, to restore their faith in the Jinas.
In Jainism, salvation can be achieved only through self-effort and is considered to be the right of human beings. [10] In Jainism, one definite path to attain liberation is prescribed. The prescribed threefold path consists of the three jewels of Jainism (Right perception, Right knowledge, Right conduct). In Hinduism, one definite path to ...
Other than rejecting or accepting different ancient Jain texts, Digambaras and Śvetāmbara differ in other significant ways such as: Śvetāmbaras trace their practices and dress code to the teachings of Parshvanatha, the 23rd tirthankara, which they believe taught only Four restraints (a claim, scholars say are confirmed by the ancient Buddhist texts that discuss Jain monastic life).
Meditate on, recite or chant the sacred mantras, consisting of thirty-five, sixteen, six, five, four, two and one letter(s), pronouncing the virtues of the five supreme beings (Pañca-Parameṣṭhi). Besides, meditate on and chant other mantras as per the teachings of the Preceptor (guru). [8]
Neminatha, 22nd Tirthankara: According to Jain beliefs, he lived 84,650 years before the 23rd Tirthankara, Parshvanatha. [3] He existed in the Mahabharata era and was the cousin brother of Krishna. [4] 877–777 BCE: Parshvanatha, 23rd Tirthankar of Jainism. He is the earliest Jain tirthankara who can be reliably dated. [5] [6] [7] [8]