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  2. Betula nana - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betula_nana

    Betula nana, the dwarf birch, [2] is a species of birch in the family Betulaceae, found mainly in the tundra of the Arctic region. Specimen at 1000m. Description

  3. Tundra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra

    Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. The tundra soil is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. [2]

  4. Arctic vegetation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_vegetation

    Arctic vegetation is largely controlled by the mean temperature in July, the warmest month. Arctic vegetation occurs in the tundra climate, where trees cannot grow.Tundra climate has two boundaries: the snow line, where permanent year-round snow and ice are on the ground, and the tree line, where the climate becomes warm enough for trees to grow. [7]

  5. Arctic ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_ecology

    Plant species supported by tundra are generally short, lacking stems due to threats posed to vascular structure by frozen temperatures, and much of their growing matter is found below the soil. [44] They are composed mainly of perennial forbs, dwarf shrubs, grasses, lichens, and mosses. [42] [45]

  6. Flora and fauna of the Kerguelen Islands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_and_fauna_of_the...

    The coastal regions, up to an altitude of about 50 m, are generally covered with low herbaceous vegetation, and are classified as tundra. Higher up, rocky ground dominates and the vegetation is rarer, limited to scattered tufts and mosses and lichens. There are no trees or shrubs on the islands. This was not always the case, however.

  7. Tundra of North America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra_of_North_America

    These complex interactions between plants, animals and abiotic factors in the tundra are held together by the permafrost layer, located 450 metres (1,480 ft) under the soil. [3] However climate change is causing this crucial layer of frozen soil to melt. As a result, tundra communities are becoming unstable and basic processes are breaking down.

  8. Salix arctica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salix_arctica

    The Arctic willow is a food source for several Arctic animals. Muskoxen, caribou, Arctic hares, and lemmings all feed on the bark and twigs, while the buds are the main food source of the rock ptarmigan. It is the primary host plant and food source for the Arctic woolly bear moth (Gynaephora groenlandica). [10]

  9. Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical...

    Shrublands are dominated by woody or herbaceous shrubs. Large expanses of land in the tropics do not receive enough rainfall to support extensive tree cover. The tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands are characterized by rainfall levels between 90–150 centimetres (35–59 in) per year. [ 1 ]