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[90] Adverse effects to the health of children is mostly not known. [103] Children subjected to e-cigarettes had a higher likelihood of having more than one adverse effect and effects were more significant, than with children subjected to traditional cigarettes. [103] Significant harmful effects were cyanosis, nausea, and coma, among others. [103]
The behavioral response to stimulants in children is similar regardless of whether they have ADHD or not. [38] Stimulant medication is an effective treatment [39] for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [40] [41] although the response rate may be lower for adults than children. [42]
Stimulant psychosis is a mental disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms (such as hallucinations, paranoid ideation, delusions, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized behaviour). It involves and typically occurs following an overdose or several day binge on psychostimulants , [ 1 ] although it can occur in the course of stimulant ...
For example, stimulants like Ritalin can produce state-dependent memory effects in children with hyperactive disorders. [11] Additionally, state-dependent memory effects have been found in regard to other substances such as morphine, caffeine, and alcohol. [6] [12] [13] Substantial amounts of research have been conducted on the effects of ...
Use of stimulants may cause the body to significantly reduce its production of endogenous compounds that fulfill similar functions. Once the effect of the ingested stimulant has worn off the user may feel depressed, lethargic, confused, and dysphoric. This is colloquially termed a "crash" and may promote reuse of the stimulant.
Examples of sympathomimetic effects include increases in heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, and blood pressure. [1] The primary endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system are the catecholamines (i.e., epinephrine [adrenaline], norepinephrine [noradrenaline], and dopamine ), which function as both neurotransmitters and hormones .
In 2008, stimulants, such as caffeine, were the most commonly used nootropic agent. [15] In 2016, the American Medical Association adopted a policy to discourage prescriptions of nootropics for healthy people, on the basis that the cognitive effects appear to be highly variable among individuals, are dose-dependent, and limited or modest at ...
A stimulant is a drug that stimulates the central nervous system, increasing arousal, attention and endurance. Stimulants are used in psychiatry to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder . Because the medications can be addictive, patients with a history of drug abuse are typically monitored closely or treated with a non-stimulant.