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William Kingdon Clifford (4 May 1845 – 3 March 1879) was a British mathematician and philosopher. Building on the work of Hermann Grassmann , he introduced what is now termed geometric algebra , a special case of the Clifford algebra named in his honour.
Contemporary discussions of the ethics of belief stem largely from a famous nineteenth-century exchange between the British mathematician and philosopher W. K. Clifford and the American philosopher William James. In 1877 Clifford published an article titled "The Ethics of Belief" in the journal The Contemporary Review. There Clifford argued for ...
The Ethics of Belief and Other Essays by William Kingdon Clifford. Edited by Sir Leslie Stephen and Sir Frederick Pollock (1947) Human Nature, War and Society by John Cohen. With a foreword by Lord Raglan (1946) The Rational Good: A Study in the Logic of Practice by L. T. Hobhouse. With a foreword by Archibald Robertson (1947)
Francis Bacon; Thomas Bayes; Pierre Bayle; George Berkeley; William Kingdon Clifford; René Descartes; John Dewey; James Frederick Ferrier; G.W.F. Hegel; Thomas Hobbes
The basic summarizing statement of the essay The Ethics of Belief by the 19th-century British mathematician and philosopher William Kingdon Clifford is: "It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence."
The Ethics of Belief and Other Essays by William Kingdon Clifford edited by Timothy J. Madigan (1999) Promethean Love, edited by Timothy J. Madigan, Cambridge Scholars Press, 2006. God and the Philosophers, by Paul Edwards edited by Timothy J. Madigan, Prometheus Books, 2008.
Robert Matthews writes in The Times that "Sokal's essays—and his hoax—achieve their purpose of reminding us all that, in the words of the Victorian mathematician-philosopher William Kingdon Clifford, 'It is wrong, always, everywhere and for any one, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence. '" But it also notes that Beyond the Hoax:
Aikin's work in epistemology is devoted to the elaboration and defense of two views: evidentialism and epistemic infinitism. [2] His case for evidentialism is articulated in his Evidentialism and the Will to Believe, in which he defends William Kingdon Clifford's version of evidentialism against William James's critiques.