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Used in conjunction with a PSA test, the PSE test boosts accuracy from 55% to 94% offering a more effective and precise method for detecting and diagnosing prostate cancer. [45] The 4Kscore combines total, free and intact PSA together with human kallikrein 2. [46] It is used to try to determine the risk of a Gleason score greater than 6. [46]
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), also known as gamma-seminoprotein or kallikrein-3 (KLK3), P-30 antigen, is a glycoprotein enzyme encoded in humans by the KLK3 gene.PSA is a member of the kallikrein-related peptidase family and is secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland in men and the paraurethral glands in women.
Prostate cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system below the bladder.Abnormal growth of prostate tissue is usually detected through screening tests, typically blood tests that check for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.
The Gleason grading system is used to help evaluate the prognosis of men with prostate cancer using samples from a prostate biopsy.Together with other parameters, it is incorporated into a strategy of prostate cancer staging which predicts prognosis and helps guide therapy.
PAP immunohistochemical staining is often used with PSA (staining), by pathologists, to help distinguish poorly differentiated carcinomas.For example, poorly differentiated prostate adenocarcinoma (prostate cancer) and urothelial carcinoma (bladder cancer) may appear similar under the microscope, but PAP and PSA staining can help differentiate them; [7] prostate adenocarcinoma often stains ...
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It has been shown in Xenopus egg extracts that Cdc25C hyperphosphorylation is a highly ultrasensitive function of Cdk activity, displaying a high value of the Hill coefficient (approx. 11), and the dephosphorylation step of Ser 287 in Cdc25C (also involved in Cdc25C activation) is even more ultrasensitive, displaying a Hill coefficient of ...