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Extension headers form a chain, using the Next Header fields. The Next Header field in the fixed header indicates the type of the first extension header; the Next Header field of the last extension header indicates the type of the upper-layer protocol header in the payload of the packet. All extension headers are a multiple of 8 octets in size ...
Packets that hold Internet Protocol data carry a 4-bit IP version number as the first field of its header. [1] [2] Currently, only IPv4 and IPv6 packets are seen on the Internet, having IP version numbers 4 and 6, respectively.
This is a list of the IP protocol numbers found in the field Protocol of the IPv4 header and the Next Header field of the IPv6 header. It is an identifier for the encapsulated protocol and determines the layout of the data that immediately follows the header. Both fields are eight bits wide.
ICMPv6 provides a minimal level of message integrity verification by the inclusion of a 16-bit checksum in its header. The checksum is calculated starting with a pseudo-header of IPv6 header fields according to the IPv6 standard, [6] which consists of the source and destination addresses, the packet length and the next header field, the latter of which is set to the value 58.
IPv6 specifies a new packet format, designed to minimize packet header processing by routers. [ 2 ] [ 14 ] Because the headers of IPv4 packets and IPv6 packets are significantly different, the two protocols are not interoperable.
The header contains information about IP version, source IP address, destination IP address, time-to-live, etc. The payload of an IP packet is typically a datagram or segment of the higher-level transport layer protocol, but may be data for an internet layer (e.g., ICMP or ICMPv6 ) or link layer (e.g., OSPF ) instead.
For such use cases, a special notation has been introduced, which expresses IPv4-mapped and IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses by writing the least-significant 32 bits of an address in the familiar IPv4 dot-decimal notation, whereas the 96 most-significant bits are written in IPv6 format. For example, the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address ::ffff:c000:0280 ...
6LoWPAN (acronym of "IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks") [1] was a working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). [2] It was created with the intention of applying the Internet Protocol (IP) even to the smallest devices, [3] enabling low-power devices with limited processing capabilities to participate in the Internet of Things.