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A calculus (pl.: calculi), often called a stone, is a concretion of material, usually mineral salts, that forms in an organ or duct of the body. Formation of calculi is known as lithiasis (/ ˌ l ɪ ˈ θ aɪ ə s ɪ s /). Stones can cause a number of medical conditions.
Calculus was a term used for various kinds of stones. This spun off many modern words, including calculate (' use stones for mathematical purposes '), and calculus, which came to be used, in the 18th century, for accidental or incidental mineral buildups in human and animal bodies, like kidney stones and minerals on teeth. [3]
Calculus is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape, and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations. Originally called infinitesimal calculus or "the calculus of infinitesimals", it has two major branches, differential calculus and integral calculus.
Biomedical engineering has recently emerged as its own field of study, as compared to many other engineering fields. [3] Such an evolution is common as a new field transitions from being an interdisciplinary specialization among already-established fields to being considered a field in itself.
Medical genetics is a broad and varied field. It encompasses many different individual fields, including clinical genetics, biochemical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, the genetics of common diseases (such as neural tube defects), and genetic counseling. Specialty Registrar; Federation of National Specialty Societies of Canada
Medical halogen penlight: to see into the eye, natural orifices, etc. and to test for pupillary light reflex, etc. Medical ultrasound: to create an image of internal body structures Nasogastric tube: for nasogastric suction or the introduction of food or drugs into the body Nebulizer: to produce aerosols of drugs to be administered by ...
Many medical schools also offer joint degree programs in which some medical students may simultaneously enroll in master's or doctoral-level programs in related fields such as a Masters in Business Administration, Masters in Healthcare Administration, Masters in Public Health, JD, Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy, and Masters in Health ...
The field of medical anthropology examines the ways in which culture and society are organized around or impacted by issues of health, health care and related issues. The earliest known medical texts in the world were found in the ancient Syrian city of Ebla and date back to 2500 BCE.