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Pharmacoeconomics refers to the scientific discipline that compares the value of one pharmaceutical drug or drug therapy to another. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a sub-discipline of health economics . A pharmacoeconomic study evaluates the cost (expressed in monetary terms) and effects (expressed in terms of monetary value, efficacy or enhanced quality of ...
First Databank (FDB) is a major provider of drug and medical device databases that help inform healthcare professionals to make decisions. [1] FDB partners with information system developers to deliver useful medication- and medical device-related information to clinicians, business associates, and patients.
Until 2014 it concentrated on assessing health care costs (rather than evaluating drugs). [2] It evaluates the cost-effectiveness of drugs in a similar way to the UK's NICE, [1] [3] and has come under some criticism from the drug industry. [2] ICER has placed a monetary value on several prescription drugs since 2014.
It also includes more modern services related to health care including clinical services, reviewing medications for safety and efficacy, and providing drug information with patient counselling. Pharmacists , therefore, are experts on drug therapy and are the primary health professionals who optimize the use of medication for the benefit of the ...
In 1983, Nursing Economic Magazine was founded in the United States, and its main research content included nursing market development, nursing cost accounting, policies related to nursing services, nursing economic management, etc. The magazine's publication was a mark of the formal formation of nursing economics.
Cost-effectiveness analysis is often used in the field of health services, where it may be inappropriate to monetize health effect. Typically the CEA is expressed in terms of a ratio where the denominator is a gain in health from a measure (years of life, premature births averted, sight-years gained) and the numerator is the cost associated ...
Telepharmacy services can be delivered at retail pharmacy sites or through hospitals, nursing homes, or other medical care facilities. The term can also refer to the use of videoconferencing in pharmacy for other purposes, such as providing education, training, and management services to pharmacists and pharmacy staff remotely.
Information economics or the economics of information is the branch of microeconomics that studies how information and information systems affect an economy and economic decisions. [ 1 ] One application considers information embodied in certain types of commodities that are "expensive to produce but cheap to reproduce."