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Fourth normal form (4NF) is a normal form used in database normalization. Introduced by Ronald Fagin in 1977, 4NF is the next level of normalization after Boyce–Codd normal form (BCNF). Whereas the second , third , and Boyce–Codd normal forms are concerned with functional dependencies , 4NF is concerned with a more general type of ...
Codd went on to define the second normal form (2NF) and third normal form (3NF) in 1971, [5] and Codd and Raymond F. Boyce defined the Boyce–Codd normal form (BCNF) in 1974. [6] Ronald Fagin introduced the fourth normal form (4NF) in 1977 and the fifth normal form (5NF) in 1979. Christopher J. Date introduced the sixth normal form (6NF) in 2003.
In database normalization, fourth normal form requires that for every nontrivial multivalued dependency X Y, X is a superkey. A multivalued dependency X ↠ {\displaystyle \twoheadrightarrow } Y is trivial if Y is a subset of X , or if X ∪ Y {\displaystyle X\cup Y} is the whole set of attributes of the relation.
The third normal form, Boyce–Codd normal form, fourth normal form and fifth normal form are special cases of the domain/key normal form. All have either functional, multi-valued or join dependencies that can be converted into superkeys. The domains on those normal forms were unconstrained so all domain constraints are satisfied.
3NF—Third Normal Form; 386—Intel 80386 processor; 486—Intel 80486 processor; 4B5BLF—4-bit 5-bit Local Fiber; 4GL—Fourth-Generation Programming Language; 4NF—Fourth Normal Form; 5GL—Fifth-Generation Programming Language; 5NF—Fifth Normal Form; 6NF—Sixth Normal Form; 8B10BLF—8-bit 10-bit Local Fiber; 802.11—Wireless LAN
A rewriting system has the unique normal form property (UN) if for all normal forms a, b ∈ S, a can be reached from b by a series of rewrites and inverse rewrites only if a is equal to b. A rewriting system has the unique normal form property with respect to reduction (UN →) if for every term reducing to normal forms a and b, a is equal to ...
Boyce–Codd normal form (BCNF or 3.5NF) is a normal form used in database normalization. It is a slightly stricter version of the third normal form (3NF). By using BCNF, a database will remove all redundancies based on functional dependencies .
The sixth normal form is currently as of 2009 being used in some data warehouses where the benefits outweigh the drawbacks, [9] for example using anchor modeling.Although using 6NF leads to an explosion of tables, modern databases can prune the tables from select queries (using a process called 'table elimination' - so that a query can be solved without even reading some of the tables that the ...