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Data analysis has multiple facets and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques under a variety of names, and is used in different business, science, and social science domains. [2] In today's business world, data analysis plays a role in making decisions more scientific and helping businesses operate more effectively.
Tukey defined data analysis in 1961 as: "Procedures for analyzing data, techniques for interpreting the results of such procedures, ways of planning the gathering of data to make its analysis easier, more precise or more accurate, and all the machinery and results of (mathematical) statistics which apply to analyzing data." [3]
Data visualization refers to the techniques used to communicate data or information by encoding it as visual objects (e.g., points, lines, or bars) contained in graphics. The goal is to communicate information clearly and efficiently to users. It is one of the steps in data analysis or data science. According to Vitaly Friedman (2008) the "main ...
A variety of data re-sampling techniques are implemented in the imbalanced-learn package [1] compatible with the scikit-learn Python library. The re-sampling techniques are implemented in four different categories: undersampling the majority class, oversampling the minority class, combining over and under sampling, and ensembling sampling.
This is a list of statistical procedures which can be used for the analysis of categorical data, also known as data on the nominal scale and as categorical variables.
An algorithm that is designed for one kind of model will generally fail on a data set that contains a radically different kind of model. [5] For example, k-means cannot find non-convex clusters. [5] Most traditional clustering methods assume the clusters exhibit a spherical, elliptical or convex shape. [7]
Multivariate analysis (MVA) is based on the principles of multivariate statistics.Typically, MVA is used to address situations where multiple measurements are made on each experimental unit and the relations among these measurements and their structures are important. [1]
Data science is "a concept to unify statistics, data analysis, informatics, and their related methods" to "understand and analyze actual phenomena" with data. [5] It uses techniques and theories drawn from many fields within the context of mathematics , statistics, computer science , information science , and domain knowledge . [ 6 ]
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