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When odors activate the olfactory pathways that lead to the limbic portion of the brain they trigger the release of neurotransmitters that affect the brain and mental state of the individual in a variety of ways. Stimuli transmitted to the limbic system cannot be consciously blocked, so all olfactory stimuli influence our emotions. [10]
The uncus houses the olfactory cortex which includes the piriform cortex (posterior orbitofrontal cortex), amygdala, olfactory tubercle, and parahippocampal gyrus. The olfactory tubercle connects to numerous areas of the amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, brain stem, retina, auditory cortex, and olfactory system. In total it has 27 ...
Neuromodulation exists in the olfactory system and is responsible for neural plasticity and behavioural change in both mammals and insects. [4] In the context of olfactory memory, neuromodulators regulate storage of information in a way that maintains the significance of the olfactory experience. [4]
The olfactory system is the pathway between the nose and the brain. The system detects smell by processing the tiny odor molecules that waft off of various objects, such as baking bread or a ...
The accessory olfactory bulb resides on the dorsal-posterior region of the main olfactory bulb and forms a parallel pathway. Destruction of the olfactory bulb results in ipsilateral anosmia, while irritative lesions of the uncus can result in olfactory and gustatory hallucinations. Flow of olfactory information from receptors to glomeruli layer
Researchers of this study note that the olfactory pathway from the neurons in the nose to the brain could allow certain substances into the brain. For this study, researchers examined the ...
Glomeruli are important waystations in the pathway from the nose to the olfactory cortex and have been found to be critical for odorant signal transduction. The olfactory receptor neurons (ORN), which originate in the nasal epithelium express only one type of olfactory receptor (OR). These ORNs then project their axons to the olfactory bulb.
The three-layered olfactory cortex, containing pyramidal cells is the next benchmark on the smell pathway. One pyramidal cell receives information from a multiplicity of mitral cells from the olfactory bulb, making the previously organized glomerular pattern distributed in the olfactory cortex.