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Benzodiazepines have been found to cause teratogenic malformations. [99] The literature concerning the safety of benzodiazepines in pregnancy is unclear and controversial. Initial concerns regarding benzodiazepines in pregnancy began with alarming findings in animals but these do not necessarily cross over to humans.
Internationally benzodiazepines are known to cause harm when used during pregnancy and nitrazepam is a category D drug during pregnancy. Benzodiazepines are lipophilic and rapidly penetrate membranes, so rapidly penetrate the placenta with significant uptake of the drug.
Smoking during pregnancy is dangerous to the unborn baby and may cause pre-term birth, birth defects such as cleft lip or cleft palate, or miscarriage. [93] [80] Tobacco is the most commonly used substance among pregnant women, at 25%. [87] [94] Nicotine crosses the placenta and accumulates within fetal tissues.
In rare cases, people taking escitalopram may be advised to take a benzodiazepine along with the medication for the first few weeks, as benzodiazepines can help reduce the early adverse effects of ...
If used in pregnancy, those benzodiazepines with a better and longer safety record, such as diazepam or chlordiazepoxide, are recommended over potentially more harmful benzodiazepines, such as temazepam [88] or triazolam. Using the lowest effective dose for the shortest period of time minimizes the risks to the unborn child.
Use of benzodiazepines including diazepam in late pregnancy, especially high doses, can result in floppy infant syndrome. [63] Diazepam when taken late in pregnancy, during the third trimester , causes a definite risk of a severe benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome in the neonate with symptoms including hypotonia , and reluctance to suck, to ...
Benzodiazepines require special precaution if used in the elderly, during pregnancy, in children, alcohol or drug-dependent individuals and individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders. [20] Phenazepam should not be taken with alcohol or any other CNS depressants. Phenazepam should not be used therapeutically for periods of longer than one ...
All meds have a risk of withdrawal symptoms, but some are more about dependency (like benzodiazepines, for example) and others are more about your brain adjusting, Dr. Goldberg says. When will the ...