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1962 Nick Holonyak Jr. develops the first practical visible-spectrum (red) light-emitting diode. 1963 Kurt Schmidt invents the first high pressure sodium-vapor lamp. [17] 1972 M. George Craford invents the first yellow light-emitting diode. 1972 Herbert Paul Maruska and Jacques Pankove create the first violet light-emitting diode.
In 1977, Kimble et al. demonstrated the first source of light which required a quantum description: a single atom that emitted one photon at a time. Another quantum state of light with certain advantages over any classical state, squeezed light, was soon proposed.
The Briton Narinder Singh Kapany investigated the propagation of light in fine glass fibers (optical fibers). The first wireless remote control for a television US-based Zenith consists of a better flashlight, with which one lights up in one of the four devices corners to turn the unit on or off, change the channel or mute the sound.
Beam of sun light inside the cavity of Rocca ill'Abissu at Fondachelli-Fantina, Sicily. The speed of light in vacuum is defined to be exactly 299 792 458 m/s (approximately 186,282 miles per second). The fixed value of the speed of light in SI units results from the fact that the metre is now defined in terms of the speed of light.
Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants. Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscape projects.
An electric light, lamp, or light bulb is an electrical component that produces light. It is the most common form of artificial lighting . Lamps usually have a base made of ceramic , metal, glass, or plastic which secures the lamp in the socket of a light fixture , which is often called a "lamp" as well.
Northern.edu, A brief history of stage lighting The Lighting Archive Thelightingarchive.org, online complete lighting paperwork for West Side Story , Porgy and Bess , Sweeney Todd , Martha Graham , Alvin Ailey , by lighting designers Nicola Cernovich, Jean Rosenthal , Ken Billington , and Gilbert Helmsley
During his time at Yale, McCandless published some of the first books to lay out a method and approach to the art of lighting design. In his book A Method of Lighting the Stage (1932), McCandless details his method of lighting design which is based on the idea of breaking the stage down into uniform acting areas and manipulating light in terms of intensity, color, distribution, and control.