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A Northrop loom manufactured by Draper Corporation in the textile museum, Lowell, Massachusetts. A power loom is a mechanized loom, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. The first power loom was designed and patented in 1785 by Edmund Cartwright. [1]
Cartwright's invention, nicknamed "Big Ben," was originally patented in April 1790, with subsequent patents following in December 1790 and May 1792 as the machine's design was refined by Cartwright. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 5 ] [ 4 ] This machine is the first example of mechanization of the wool combing stage of the textile manufacturing process, and a ...
Edmund Cartwright FSA (24 April 1743 – 30 October 1823) was an English inventor. [1] He graduated from Oxford University and went on to invent the power loom . Married to local Elizabeth McMac at 19, he was the brother of Major John Cartwright , a political reformer and radical, and George Cartwright , explorer of Labrador.
[5] At this point the loom has become fully automatic, this is the Kenworthy and Bullough Lancashire Loom. The Cartwight loom weaver could work one loom at 120–130 picks per minute- with a Kenworthy and Bullough's Lancashire Loom, a weaver can run up to six looms working at 220–260 picks per minute- thus giving 12 times more throughput.
In 1784, Edmund Cartwright invented the power loom, [11] and produced a prototype in the following year. His initial venture to exploit this technology failed, although his advances were recognised by others in the industry.
Edmund Cartwright bought and patented a power loom in 1785, and it was this loom that was adopted by the nascent cotton industry in England. The silk loom made by Jacques Vaucanson in 1745 operated on the same principles but wasn't developed further.
Many improvements in loom mechanisms were first applied to hand looms (like the dandy loom), and only later integrated into power looms. Edmund Cartwright built and patented a power loom in 1785, and it was this that was adopted by the nascent cotton industry in England.
1784 – Edmund Cartwright invents the power loom. 1791 – The Englishman Dawson solves the mechanization of the warp knitting machine. 1793 – Samuel Slater of Belper establishes the first successful cotton spinning mill in the United States, at Pawtucket; beginnings of the "Rhode Island System" 1794 – Eli Whitney patents the cotton gin.