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Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in marine environments and play important roles as primary producers. They are part of the marine phytoplankton, which currently contributes almost half of the Earth's total primary production. [37] About 25% of the global marine primary production is contributed by cyanobacteria. [38]
Cyanobionts provide benefit through dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production or nitrogen fixation but vary in function depending on their host. [12] Organisms that depend on cyanobacteria often live in nitrogen-limited, oligotrophic environments and can significantly alter marine composition leading to blooms .
Marine primary production is the chemical synthesis in the ocean of organic compounds from atmospheric or dissolved carbon dioxide. It principally occurs through the process of photosynthesis , which uses light as its source of energy, but it also occurs through chemosynthesis , which uses the oxidation or reduction of inorganic chemical ...
Cyanobacteria have strict light requirements. Too little light can result in insufficient energy production, and in some species may cause the cells to resort to heterotrophic respiration. [4] Too much light can inhibit the cells, decrease photosynthesis efficiency and cause damage by bleaching.
Prochlorococcus is a genus of very small (0.6 μm) marine cyanobacteria with an unusual pigmentation (chlorophyll a2 and b2).These bacteria belong to the photosynthetic picoplankton and are probably the most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth.
[17] [18] Cyanotoxins may also take part in chemical signalling. [8] Cyanotoxins are produced by cyanobacteria, a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis. The prefix cyan comes from the Greek κύανoς meaning "a dark blue substance", [19] and usually indicates any of a number of colours in the blue/green range of ...
Lake Erie in October 2011, during an intense cyanobacteria bloom [1] [2] Microcystins—or cyanoginosins—are a class of toxins produced by certain cyanobacteria, commonly known as blue-green algae. [3] Over 250 [4] different microcystins have been discovered so far, of which microcystin-LR is the most common.
Cyanobacteria were the first organisms to achieve photosynthesis. [4] Chlorophyll and phycocyanine—two pigments contained in cyanobacteria—allow the vegetative cells to absorb light and transform it into nutrients. [4] The genus Aphanizomenon is defined as a cluster of eight morphospecies, including Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. [5]