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Covering sickness, or dourine (French, from the Arabic darina, meaning mangy (said of a female camel), feminine of darin, meaning dirty), [1] is a disease of horses and other members of the family Equidae. The disease is caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum, which belongs to an important genus of parasitic protozoa. [2]
Parascaris equorum is a species of ascarid that is the equine roundworm. Amongst horse owners, the parasites are colloquially called "Ascarids". This is a host-specific helminth intestinal parasite that can infect horses, donkeys, and zebras. Horses up to six months of age are the most susceptible to infection.
Equine encephalosis virus; Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis; Equine gastric ulcer syndrome; Equid alphaherpesvirus 1; Equid alphaherpesvirus 3; Equine infectious anemia; Equine influenza; Equine melanoma; Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis; Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy; Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis; Equine proximal enteritis ...
Rarely, horses will show a spastic gait in the front limbs in which the leg is held in full extension or with the knee flexed, with trembling occurring in the upper limb. [2] Despite histologic changes in the cerebellum, horses with shivers do not show clinical signs typical of cerebellar disease (ataxia, intention tremors). [3]
The most current theory is a result of a recent study that suggests it is caused by a pegivirus, referred to as Theiler's disease-associated virus (TDAV). [2] Eight horses that had received prophylactic botulinum antitoxin and developed subsequent signs of Theiler's disease were subjected to a test for a viral infection based on RNA sequencing techniques.
Strangles (equine distemper) is a contagious upper respiratory tract infection of horses and other equines caused by a Gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus equi. [1] As a result, the lymph nodes swell, compressing the pharynx , larynx , and trachea , and can cause airway obstruction leading to death, hence the name strangles. [ 2 ]
The horse may have a recurrent fever and anemia, and may relapse to the subacute or acute form even several years after the original attack. [citation needed] A horse may also not appear to have any symptoms, yet still tests positive for EIA antibodies. Such a horse can still pass on the disease.
Viruses that are shed for long periods of time after a horse gets better are much harder to control. Horses tend to be most infectious (i.e. shedding the most virus) in the first 24–48 hours after they develop a fever, but they can shed the virus for up to 7–10 days after their signs of illness disappear. [14]