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The renminbi (RMB, also known as Chinese yuan; ISO code: CNY) is the official currency of the People's Republic of China. [1] Although it is not a freely convertible currency , and has an official exchange rate , the CNY plays an important role in the world economy and international trade .
Since the Chinese economic reforms of 1978, China has become the world's biggest exporter, second largest economy and biggest manufacturer in the world. [4] [5] For most of its early history, the renminbi was pegged to the U.S. dollar at ¥2.46 per USD. During the 1970s it was revalued, until it reached ¥1.50 per USD in 1980.
During the 1970s, it was revalued until it reached ¥1.50 per dollar in 1980. When China's economy gradually opened in the 1980s, the renminbi was devalued in order to improve the competitiveness of Chinese exports. Thus, the official exchange rate increased from ¥1.50 in 1980 to ¥8.62 by 1994 (the lowest rate on record).
The unit of measurement for the data listed is the local currency Chinese yuan. In order to facilitate international comparison, the local currency is converted into US dollars and the purchasing power parity ( int'l dollar ).
A mutiny is taking place in the global currency market, with a growing number of countries ditching the U.S. dollar in favor of China’s yuan — at least, that’s the rumor going around.
De facto exchange-rate arrangements in 2022 as classified by the International Monetary Fund. Floating ( floating and free floating ) Soft pegs ( conventional peg , stabilized arrangement , crawling peg , crawl-like arrangement , pegged exchange rate within horizontal bands )
China's foreign exchange reserves are held by People's Bank of China, China's central bank. [3] The total of the reserves is regularly announced by the central bank. In November 2024, China's reserves totalled US $3.265 trillion, which is the highest foreign exchange reserves of any country [4]
List of top prefecture-level divisions by GDP per capita over ten thousand US dollars (based on 2020 Chinese census) ; Nominal GDP is based on the official annual average exchange rate at CNY 6.8974 per US dollar in 2020 [1]