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Submitting someone's work as their own. Taking passages from their own previous work without adding citations (self-plagiarism). Re-writing someone's work without properly citing sources. Using quotations but not citing the source. Interweaving various sources together in the work without citing. Citing some, but not all, passages that should ...
One method is the "freehand method", whereby the forger, after careful practice, replicates the signature by freehand. Although a difficult method to perfect, this often produces the most convincing results. [1] In the "trace-over method", the sheet of paper containing the genuine signature is placed on top of the paper where the forgery is ...
Copying from a source acknowledged in a well-placed citation, without in-text attribution Inserting a text— copied word-for-word, or closely paraphrased with very few changes from a copyrighted source—then citing the source in an inline citation after the passage that was copied, without naming the source in the text.
Coded anti-piracy marks can be added to films to identify the source of illegal copies and shut them down. In 2006, a notable example of using Coded Anti-Piracy marks resulted in a man being arrested [79] for uploading a screener's copy of the movie Flushed Away. Some photocopiers use Machine Identification Code dots for similar purposes.
The transformative nature of computer based analytical processes such as text mining, web mining and data mining has led many to form the view that such uses would be protected under fair use. This view was substantiated by the rulings of Judge Denny Chin in Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc. , a case involving mass digitisation of millions of ...
Commonly, this involves someone creating or distributing a "copy" of a protected work that is "substantially similar" to the original version. Infringements requires copying. If two people happen to write exactly the same story, without knowledge of the other, there is no infringement.
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Criteria to consider would be whether: (1) the subject has published their own signature; (2) secondary sources have reproduced the signature, with the subject's consent; (3) the image of the signature is from a reliable source, (4) the signature is directly relevant to the article in which it is displayed, and (5) the use of the signature ...