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The temporal frame allows the expected outcomes of a behaviour (benefits and losses) to be presented as occurring in the short-term or in the long-term. This technique allows for researchers to implement two different frames: one with the negative consequences presented as short-term and the positive consequences presented as long-term.
The framing effect has consistently been shown to be one of the largest biases in decision making. [11] In general, susceptibility to framing effects increases with age. Age difference factors are particularly important when considering health care [12] [13] [14] and financial decisions. The susceptibility to framing can influence how older ...
Sanna and colleagues examined temporal framing and thinking about success as a contributor to the planning fallacy. They found that when people were induced to think about a deadline as distant (i.e., much time remaining) vs. rapidly approaching (i.e., little time remaining), they made more optimistic predictions and had more thoughts of success.
Construal level theory (CLT) is a theory in social psychology that describes the relation between psychological distance and the extent to which people's thinking (e.g., about objects and events) is abstract or concrete.
A mental representation (or cognitive representation), in philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, is a hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality or its abstractions. [1] [2] Mental representation is the mental imagery of things that are not actually present to the senses. [3]
A temporal illusion is a distortion in the perception of time. For example: estimating time intervals, e.g., "When did you last see your primary care physician?"; estimating time duration, e.g., "How long were you waiting at the doctor's office?"; and; judging the simultaneity of events (see below for examples). Main types of temporal illusions
In psychology, the term mental models is sometimes used to refer to mental representations or mental simulation generally. The concepts of schema and conceptual models are cognitively adjacent. Elsewhere, it is used to refer to the "mental model" theory of reasoning developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M. J. Byrne.
In psychology, temporal motivation theory (TMT) is an integrative motivational theory developed by Piers Steel and Cornelius J. König. The theory emphasizes time as a critical and motivational factor. The argument for a broad, integrative theory stems from the absence of a single theory that can address motivation in its entirety.