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The classic example of a dehydration reaction is the Fischer esterification, which involves treating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to give an ester RCO 2 H + R′OH ⇌ RCO 2 R′ + H 2 O. Often such reactions require the presence of a dehydrating agent, i.e. a substance that reacts with water.
The carbon snake is a demonstration of the dehydration reaction of sugar by concentrated sulfuric acid. With concentrated sulfuric acid, granulated table sugar ( sucrose ) performs a degradation reaction which changes its form to a black solid-liquid mixture . [ 1 ]
The reaction may otherwise involve the functional groups of the molecule, and is a versatile class of reactions that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of a catalyst. This class of reactions is a vital part of life as it is essential to the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids and to the biosynthesis of fatty ...
3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases (HACDs) are a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in fatty acid elongation in eukaryotes.These enzymes catalyze the third step in the four-step cycle of fatty acid elongation, specifically the dehydration reaction that converts 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA to trans-2-enoyl-CoA.
In physiology, dehydration is a lack of total body water that disrupts metabolic processes. [3] It occurs when free water loss exceeds free water intake. This is usually due to excessive sweating, disease, or a lack of access to water. Mild dehydration can also be caused by immersion diuresis, which may increase risk of decompression sickness ...
Dehydration has more extreme symptoms. Gervacio says this can include rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, dry skin, little or no urine, very dark-colored urine, weakness and being extremely thirsty.
The reaction, in general, obeys Zaitsev's Rule, which states that the most stable (usually the most substituted) alkene is formed. Tertiary alcohols are eliminated easily at just above room temperature, but primary alcohols require a higher temperature. This is a diagram of acid catalyzed dehydration of ethanol to produce ethylene:
A Knoevenagel condensation is a nucleophilic addition of an active hydrogen compound to a carbonyl group followed by a dehydration reaction in which a molecule of water is eliminated (hence condensation). The product is often an α,β-unsaturated ketone (a conjugated enone). General Knoevenagel layout