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The criteria which govern the design of a structure are either serviceability (criteria which define whether the structure is able to adequately fulfill its function) or strength (criteria which define whether a structure is able to safely support and resist its design loads).
Numerous other phenomenological failure criteria can be found in the engineering literature. The degree of success of these criteria in predicting failure has been limited. Some popular failure criteria for various type of materials are: criteria based on invariants of the Cauchy stress tensor; the Tresca or maximum shear stress failure criterion
The approach to engineering design to account for damage tolerance is based on the assumption that flaws can exist in any structure and such flaws propagate with usage. This approach is commonly used in aerospace engineering , mechanical engineering , and civil engineering to manage the extension of cracks in structure through the application ...
The multiaxial criteria based on the Critical Plane Method are the most effective criteria. [ 5 ] For the plane stress case, the orientation of the plane may be specified by an angle in the plane, and the stresses and strains acting on this plane may be computed via Mohr's circle .
Limit State Design (LSD), also known as Load And Resistance Factor Design (LRFD), refers to a design method used in structural engineering. A limit state is a condition of a structure beyond which it no longer fulfills the relevant design criteria. [ 1 ]
Fracture mechanics is the field of mechanics concerned with the study of the propagation of cracks in materials. It uses methods of analytical solid mechanics to calculate the driving force on a crack and those of experimental solid mechanics to characterize the material's resistance to fracture .
This definition is rarely used since dislocations move at very low stresses, and detecting such movement is very difficult. Proportionality limit Up to this amount of stress, stress is proportional to strain (Hooke's law), so the stress-strain graph is a straight line, and the gradient will be equal to the elastic modulus of the material.
Figure 1: View of Drucker–Prager yield surface in 3D space of principal stresses for =, =. The Drucker–Prager yield criterion [1] is a pressure-dependent model for determining whether a material has failed or undergone plastic yielding.