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  2. Lumbar vertebrae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_vertebrae

    The lumbar vertebrae are located between the thoracic vertebrae and pelvis. They form the lower part of the back in humans, and the tail end of the back in quadrupeds. In humans, there are five lumbar vertebrae. The term is used to describe the anatomy of humans and quadrupeds, such as horses, pigs, or cattle.

  3. Spinal column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spine_(anatomy)

    The spinal column, also known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone, is the core part of the axial skeleton in vertebrate animals.The vertebral column is the defining and eponymous characteristic of the vertebrate endoskeleton, where the notochord (an elastic collagen-wrapped glycoprotein rod) found in all chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of mineralized irregular bones ...

  4. Spinal cord - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord

    Sectional organization of spinal cord. The spinal cord is the main pathway for information connecting the brain and peripheral nervous system. [3] [4] Much shorter than its protecting spinal column, the human spinal cord originates in the brainstem, passes through the foramen magnum, and continues through to the conus medullaris near the second lumbar vertebra before terminating in a fibrous ...

  5. Sympathetic trunk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_trunk

    The sympathetic trunk lies just lateral to the vertebral bodies for the entire length of the vertebral column. It interacts with the anterior rami of spinal nerves by way of rami communicantes . The sympathetic trunk permits preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system to ascend to spinal levels superior to T1 and descend to spinal ...

  6. Lumbar nerves - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_nerves

    The third lumbar spinal nerve (L3) [3] originates from the spinal column from below the lumbar vertebra 3 (L3). L3 supplies many muscles, either directly or through nerves originating from L3. They may be innervated with L3 as single origin, or be innervated partly by L3 and partly by other spinal nerves. The muscles are: quadratus lumborum ...

  7. Articular process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articular_process

    Atlas image: back_bone28 at the University of Michigan Health System - "Lumbar Vertebral Column, Posterolateral View" Anatomy figure: 02:01-09 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Superior and lateral views of typical vertebrae." Photo of model at Waynesburg College skeleton2/inferiorarticularprocess

  8. Central pattern generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_pattern_generator

    The lamprey has been used as a model for vertebrate CPGs because, while its nervous system has a vertebrate organization, it shares many positive characteristics with invertebrates. When removed from the lamprey, the intact spinal cord can survive for days in vitro. It also has very few neurons and can be easily stimulated to produce a fictive ...

  9. Vertebral column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebral_column

    The vertebral column, also known as the spinal column, spine or backbone, is the core part of the axial skeleton in vertebrate animals.The vertebral column is the defining and eponymous characteristic of the vertebrate endoskeleton, where the notochord (an elastic collagen-wrapped glycoprotein rod) found in all chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of mineralized irregular bones ...

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