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Ketonic decarboxylation (also known as decarboxylative ketonization) is a type of organic reaction and a decarboxylation converting two equivalents of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)OH) to a symmetric ketone (R 2 C=O) by the application of heat.
The presence of the keto group at the beta position allows them to easily undergo thermal decarboxylation. [7] Gamma-keto acids, Gamma-ketoacids, or 4-oxoacids have the ketone group at the third carbon from the carboxylic acid. Levulinic acid is an example. Keto acids appear in a wide variety of anabolic pathways in metabolism.
Decarboxylation is one of the oldest known organic reactions. It is one of the processes assumed to accompany pyrolysis and destructive distillation. Overall, decarboxylation depends upon stability of the carbanion synthon R −, [1] [2] although the anion may not be a true chemical intermediate.
In organic chemistry, a ketone / ˈ k iː t oʊ n / is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' is methyl), with the formula (CH 3) 2 CO ...
This was a result of the fact that any halide anion generated in the reaction inhibited the Cu-catalyzed decarboxylation process. [15] Further optimization of the system and catalyst conditions has made decarboxylative cross-coupling using bimetallic Pd–Cu systems applicable to organic synthesis, most predominantly in the formation of biaryls ...
Carboxy-lyases, also known as decarboxylases, are carbon–carbon lyases that add or remove a carboxyl group from organic compounds. These enzymes catalyze the decarboxylation of amino acids and alpha-keto acids.
Studies of decarboxylation over nickel and palladium-based catalysts were first reported by Wilhelm Maier et al., in 1982, [6] when they achieved the deoxygenation of several carboxylic acids via decarboxylation under a hydrogen atmosphere. This included the conversion of aliphatic acids (such as heptanoic and octanoic acids) to alkanes (namely ...
Cyclododecanone is an organic compound with the formula (CH 2) 11 CO. ... It was first obtained by Ružička et al. in 1926 by ketonic decarboxylation. [2]