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Alan Mathison Turing OBE FRS (/ ˈtjʊərɪŋ /; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist. [ 5 ] He was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation ...
Digi-Comp II. The Digi-Comp II was a toy computer invented by John "Jack" Thomas Godfrey (1924–2009) [ 1 ][ 2 ] in 1965 [ 1 ] and manufactured by E.S.R., Inc. in the late 1960s, that used 1⁄2 inch (12.5 mm) marbles rolling down a ramp to perform basic calculations.
For example, the rules might convert (2,2A,0) to (2,1,0) and move the head left. Thus in this example, the machine acts like a 3-colour Turing machine with internal states A and B (represented by no letter). The case for a 2-headed Turing machine is very similar. Thus a 2-headed Turing machine can be Universal with 6 colours.
The interrogator is limited to using the responses to written questions to make the determination. [1] The Turing test, originally called the imitation game by Alan Turing in 1949, [2] is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human.
A mechanical computer is a computer built from mechanical components such as levers and gears rather than electronic components. The most common examples are adding machines and mechanical counters, which use the turning of gears to increment output displays. More complex examples could carry out multiplication and division—Friden used a ...
e. In theoretical computer science, a nondeterministic Turing machine (NTM) is a theoretical model of computation whose governing rules specify more than one possible action when in some given situations. That is, an NTM's next state is not completely determined by its action and the current symbol it sees, unlike a deterministic Turing machine.
Classes of automata. (Clicking on each layer gets an article on that subject) A Turing machine is a mathematical model of computation describing an abstract machine [ 1 ] that manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules. [ 2 ] Despite the model's simplicity, it is capable of implementing any computer algorithm.
t. e. The Enigma machine was used commercially from the early 1920s and was adopted by the militaries and governments of various countries—most famously, Nazi Germany. Cryptanalysis of the Enigma ciphering system enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of Morse-coded radio communications of the Axis powers that ...