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  2. Balance of payments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_payments

    Country foreign exchange reserves minus external debt. In international economics, the balance of payments (also known as balance of international payments and abbreviated BOP or BoP) of a country is the difference between all money flowing into the country in a particular period of time (e.g., a quarter or a year) and the outflow of money to the rest of the world.

  3. Triffin dilemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triffin_dilemma

    Triffin dilemma. The Triffin dilemma (sometimes the Triffin paradox) is the conflict of economic interests that arises between short-term domestic and long-term international objectives for countries whose currencies serve as global reserve currencies. This dilemma was identified in the 1960s by Belgian - American economist Robert Triffin, who ...

  4. Present value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_value

    In economics and finance, present value (PV), also known as present discounted value, is the value of an expected income stream determined as of the date of valuation.The present value is usually less than the future value because money has interest-earning potential, a characteristic referred to as the time value of money, except during times of negative interest rates, when the present value ...

  5. Mundell–Fleming model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundell–Fleming_model

    The Mundell–Fleming model, also known as the IS-LM-BoP model (or IS-LM-BP model), is an economic model first set forth (independently) by Robert Mundell and Marcus Fleming. [ 1 ][ 2 ] The model is an extension of the IS–LM model. Whereas the traditional IS-LM model deals with economy under autarky (or a closed economy), the Mundell ...

  6. Inferior good - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_good

    In economics, inferior goods are those goods the demand for which falls with increase in income of the consumer. So, there is an inverse relationship between income of the consumer and the demand for inferior goods. [1] There are many examples of inferior goods, including cheap cars, public transit options, payday lending, and inexpensive food ...

  7. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_General_Theory_of...

    OCLC. 62532514. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money is a book by English economist John Maynard Keynes published in February 1936. It caused a profound shift in economic thought, [1] giving macroeconomics a central place in economic theory and contributing much of its terminology [2] – the "Keynesian Revolution".

  8. Economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics

    v. t. e. Economics (/ ˌɛkəˈnɒmɪks, ˌiːkə -/) [ 1 ][ 2 ] is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. [ 3 ][ 4 ] Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work.

  9. Effective interest rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_interest_rate

    The effective interest rate (EIR), effective annual interest rate, annual equivalent rate (AER) or simply effective rate is the percentage of interest on a loan or financial product if compound interest accumulates in periods different than a year. [1] It is the compound interest payable annually in arrears, based on the nominal interest rate.