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Instructions per second. Instructions per second ( IPS) is a measure of a computer 's processor speed. For complex instruction set computers (CISCs), different instructions take different amounts of time, so the value measured depends on the instruction mix; even for comparing processors in the same family the IPS measurement can be problematic.
Instructions per cycle. In computer architecture, instructions per cycle ( IPC ), commonly called instructions per clock, is one aspect of a processor 's performance: the average number of instructions executed for each clock cycle. It is the multiplicative inverse of cycles per instruction. [ 1][ 2][ 3]
Instruction cycle. The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle, or simply the fetch-execute cycle) is the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until the computer has shut down in order to process instructions. It is composed of three main stages: the fetch stage, the decode stage, and the ...
1990s. The 32-bit microprocessor dominated the consumer market in the 1990s. Processor clock speeds increased by more than tenfold between 1990 and 1999, and 64-bit processors began to emerge later in the decade. In the 1990s, microprocessors no longer used the same clock speed for the processor and the RAM.
To keep costs low on high-volume competitive products, the CPU core is usually bundled into a system-on-chip (SOC) integrated circuit. SOCs contain the processor core, cache and the processor's local data on-chip, along with clocking, timers, memory (SDRAM), peripheral (network, serial I/O), and bus (PCI, PCI-X, ROM/Flash bus, I2C) controllers.
1.344×10 12 GeForce GTX 480 in 2010 from Nvidia at its peak performance. 2.15×10 12: iPhone 15 Pro September 2023 A17 Pro processor. 4.64×10 12: Radeon HD 5970 in 2009 from AMD (under ATI branding) at its peak performance. 5.152×10 12: S2050/S2070 1U GPU Computing System from Nvidia. 11.3×10 12: GeForce GTX 1080 Ti in 2017.
Cycles per instruction. In computer architecture, cycles per instruction (aka clock cycles per instruction, clocks per instruction, or CPI) is one aspect of a processor 's performance: the average number of clock cycles per instruction for a program or program fragment. [ 1] It is the multiplicative inverse of instructions per cycle .
Clock rate. Microprocessor clock speed measures the number of pulses per second generated by an oscillator that sets the tempo for the processor. It is measured in hertz (pulses per second). In computing, the clock rate or clock speed typically refers to the frequency at which the clock generator of a processor can generate pulses, which are ...