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  2. Vacuole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuole

    Plant cell structure. Animal cell structure. A vacuole ( / ˈvækjuːoʊl /) is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells. [ 1][ 2] Vacuoles are essentially enclosed compartments which are filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules including enzymes in ...

  3. Paleoethnobotany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoethnobotany

    Note the two sieves catching charred seeds and charcoal, and the bags of archaeological sediment waiting for flotation. Paleoethnobotany (also spelled palaeoethnobotany), or archaeobotany, is the study of past human-plant interactions through the recovery and analysis of ancient plant remains. Both terms are synonymous, though paleoethnobotany ...

  4. Populus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populus

    Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar ( / ˈpɒplər / ), aspen, and cottonwood . The western balsam poplar ( P. trichocarpa) was the first tree to have its full DNA code ...

  5. Evolutionary history of plants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_plants

    Land plants evolved from a group of freshwater green algae, perhaps as early as 850 mya, [3] but algae-like plants might have evolved as early as 1 billion years ago. [2] The closest living relatives of land plants are the charophytes, specifically Charales; if modern Charales are similar to the distant ancestors they share with land plants, this means that the land plants evolved from a ...

  6. Pollen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen

    Pollen is a powdery substance produced by most types of flowers of seed plants for the purpose of sexual reproduction. [ 1] It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes ), which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen is sometimes good to eat as it can help your immune system be better.

  7. Euphorbia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphorbia

    Euphorbia is a very large and diverse genus of flowering plants, commonly called spurge, in the family Euphorbiaceae . Euphorbias range from tiny annual plants to large and long-lived trees. [ 2] with perhaps the tallest being Euphorbia ampliphylla at 30 m (98 ft) or more. [ 3][ 4] The genus has roughly 2,000 members, [ 5][ 6] making it one of ...

  8. Ecophysiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecophysiology

    Plant ecophysiology is concerned largely with two topics: mechanisms (how plants sense and respond to environmental change) and scaling or integration (how the responses to highly variable conditions—for example, gradients from full sunlight to 95% shade within tree canopies—are coordinated with one another), and how their collective effect on plant growth and gas exchange can be ...

  9. Timeline of plant evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_plant_evolution

    Most of these plants have true roots and leaves, and many were quite tall. The tree-like Archaeopteris, ancestral to the gymnosperms, and the giant cladoxylopsid trees had true wood. These are the oldest known trees of the world's first forests. Prototaxites was the fruiting body of an enormous fungus that stood more than 8 meters tall. By the ...