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In ancient Roman religion and mythology, Mars ( Latin: Mārs, pronounced [maːrs]) [4] is the god of war and also an agricultural guardian, a combination characteristic of early Rome. [5] He is the son of Jupiter and Juno, and was pre-eminent among the Roman army's military gods. Most of his festivals were held in March, the month named for him ...
The adjectival form of Latin Mars is Martius, [3] from which the English word Martian derives, used as an adjective or for a putative inhabitant of Mars, and Martial, used as an adjective corresponding to Terrestrial for Earth. [4] In Greek, the planet is known as Ἄρης Arēs, with the inflectional stem Ἄρε-Are-. [5]
Mars in culture. Preserved in the rocks & sand bars. Martian geological features can trigger facial pareidolia, such as the "Face on Mars". The planet Mars is named after the Roman god of war Mars. In Babylonian astronomy, the planet was named after Nergal, their deity of fire, war, and destruction, most likely due to the planet's reddish ...
Under the influence of Greek culture, Mars was identified with Ares, [137] but the character and dignity of the two deities differed fundamentally. [138] [139] Mars was represented as a means to secure peace, and he was a father (pater) of the Roman people. [140] In one tradition, he fathered Romulus and Remus through his rape of Rhea Silvia.
On October 13, 1590, the German astronomer Michael Maestlin observed an occultation of Mars by Venus. [23] One of his students, Johannes Kepler, quickly became an adherent to the Copernican system. After the completion of his education, Kepler became an assistant to the Danish nobleman and astronomer, Tycho Brahe.
Greek astronomers knew that Mars was the next-furthest planet following Saturn and Jupiter, and believed that its orbit took two years, slightly longer than the actual period of 1.88 years. From its reddish colour, the Greeks supposed that Mars was a hot and fiery star, and astrologers ascribed similar traits to its influence upon the cosmos.
A classical planet is an astronomical object that is visible to the naked eye and moves across the sky and its backdrop of fixed stars (the common stars which seem still in contrast to the planets). Visible to humans on Earth there are seven classical planets (the seven luminaries ). They are from brightest to dimmest: the Sun, the Moon, Venus ...
The Antikythera mechanism was an analog computer from 150–100 BCE designed to calculate the positions of astronomical objects. Ancient Greek astronomy is the astronomy written in the Greek language during classical antiquity. Greek astronomy is understood to include the Ancient Greek, Hellenistic, Greco-Roman, and late antique eras.