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TNM staging system. The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors ( TNM) is a globally recognised standard for classifying the anatomical extent of the spread of malignant tumours (cancer). It has gained wide international acceptance for many solid tumor cancers, but is not applicable to leukaemia or tumors of the central nervous system.
Stage 0 is a pre-cancerous or marker condition, either ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Stages 1–3 are within the breast or regional lymph nodes. Stage 4 is a metastatic cancer. Metastatic breast cancer has a less favorable prognosis. Receptor status.
Determining the extent to which a cancer has developed. Cancer staging is the process of determining the extent to which a cancer has grown and spread. A number from I to IV is assigned, with I being an isolated cancer and IV being a cancer that has metastasized and spread from its origin. The stage generally takes into account the size of a ...
Sarah, Duchess of York has been diagnosed with malignant melanoma following the removal of a cancerous mole during treatment for breast cancer. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that can spread to ...
Vulvar cancer is a cancer of the vulva, the outer portion of the female genitals. [1] It most commonly affects the labia majora. [1] Less often, the labia minora, clitoris, or Bartholin's glands are affected. [1] Symptoms include a lump, itchiness, changes in the skin, or bleeding from the vulva.
Breast cancer is a cancer that develops from breast tissue. [7] Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, milk rejection, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. [1] In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain ...
59,800 (2015) [6] Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer; it develops from the melanin -producing cells known as melanocytes. [1] It typically occurs in the skin, but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye ( uveal melanoma ). [1] [2] In women, melanomas most commonly occur on the legs; while in men, on the back. [2]
Similarly, a cancer arising from malignant fat cells would be termed a liposarcoma. For some common cancers, the English organ name is used. For example, the most common type of breast cancer is called ductal carcinoma of the breast. Benign tumors (which are not cancers) are usually named using -oma as a suffix with the organ name as the root.