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The history of fluid mechanics is a fundamental strand of the history of physics and engineering. The study of the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) and the forces that act upon them dates back to pre-history. The field has undergone a continuous evolution, driven by human dependence on water, meteorological conditions and internal ...
Cutting fluid is a type of coolant and lubricant designed specifically for metalworking processes, such as machining and stamping. There are various kinds of cutting fluids, which include oils, oil-water emulsions, pastes, gels, aerosols (mists), and air or other gases. Cutting fluids are made from petroleum distillates, animal fats, plant oils ...
Metalworking is the process of shaping and reshaping metals in order to create useful objects, parts, assemblies, and large scale structures. As a term, it covers a wide and diverse range of processes, skills, and tools for producing objects on every scale: from huge ships, buildings, and bridges, down to precise engine parts and delicate ...
Decoupage or découpage ( / ˌdeɪkuːˈpɑːʒ /; [ 1] French: [dekupaʒ]) is the art of decorating an object by gluing colored paper cutouts onto it in combination with special paint effects, gold leaf, and other decorative elements. Commonly, an object like a small box or an item of furniture is covered by cutouts from magazines or from ...
In metalworking and jewelry making, casting is a process in which a liquid metal is delivered into a mold (usually by a crucible) that contains a negative impression (i.e., a three-dimensional negative image) of the intended shape. The metal is poured into the mold through a hollow channel called a sprue. The metal and mold are then cooled, and ...
A gear driven ladle. Copper ladle transferring blister copper into furnace for fire refining to produce copper anodes. In metallurgy, a ladle is a bucket-shaped container or vessel used to transport and pour out molten metals. [1] Ladles are often used in foundries and range in size from small hand-carried vessels that resemble a kitchen ladle ...
In physics (particularly fluid statics ), the meniscus ( pl.: menisci, from Greek 'crescent') is the curve in the upper surface of a liquid close to the surface of the container or another object, produced by surface tension . A concave meniscus occurs when the attraction between the particles of the liquid and the container ( adhesion) is more ...
Strictly speaking, the bulk modulus is a thermodynamic quantity, and in order to specify a bulk modulus it is necessary to specify how the pressure varies during compression: constant- temperature (isothermal ), constant- entropy ( isentropic ), and other variations are possible. Such distinctions are especially relevant for gases .