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Some ruthenium complexes are highly active catalysts for transfer hydrogenations (sometimes referred to as "borrowing hydrogen" reactions). Chiral ruthenium complexes, introduced by Ryoji Noyori , are employed for the enantioselective hydrogenation of ketones , aldehydes , and imines . [ 76 ]
Ruthenium(IV) oxide is being used as the main component in the catalyst of the Sumitomo-Deacon process which produces chlorine by the oxidation of hydrogen chloride. [9] [10] RuO 2 can be used as catalyst in many other situations. Noteworthy reactions are the Fischer–Tropsch process, Haber–Bosch process, and various manifestations of fuel ...
Organoruthenium chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a carbon to ruthenium chemical bond.Several organoruthenium catalysts are of commercial interest [1] and organoruthenium compounds have been considered for cancer therapy. [2]
Commercial catalysts are often based on molybdenum and ruthenium. Well-defined organometallic compounds have mainly been investigated for small-scale reactions or in academic research. The homogeneous catalysts are often classified as Schrock catalysts and Grubbs catalysts .
Treatment of [(cymene)RuCl 2] 2 with the chelating ligand TsDPENH gives (cymene)Ru(TsDPEN-H), a catalyst for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation. [2][(cymene)RuCl 2] 2 is also used to prepare catalysts (by monomerization with dppf) used in borrowing hydrogen catalysis, [3] a catalytic reaction that is based on the activation of alcohols towards nucleophilic attack.
Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride. Grubbs' catalyst, which earned a Nobel Prize for its inventor, is used in alkene metathesis reactions. Ruthenium forms a variety of coordination complexes. Examples are the many pentaammine derivatives [Ru(NH 3) 5 L] n+ that often exist for both Ru(II) and Ru(III).
Dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) is a coordination complex of ruthenium. It is a chocolate brown solid that is soluble in organic solvents such as benzene . The compound is used as a precursor to other complexes including those used in homogeneous catalysis .
In the area of organic synthesis, a useful family of hydrogen-transfer catalysts have been developed based on ruthenium and rhodium complexes, often with diamine and phosphine ligands. [4] A representative catalyst precursor is derived from (cymene)ruthenium dichloride dimer and the tosylated diphenylethylenediamine.