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In obstetrics, a cephalic presentation or head presentation or head-first presentation is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first; the most common form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation, where the occiput is the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal). [1]
Breech presentation with longitudinal lie: [1] Left sacrum anterior (LSA)—the buttocks, as against the occiput of the vertex presentation, like close to the vagina (hence known as breech presentation), which lie anteriorly and towards the left. Right sacrum anterior (RSA)—the buttocks face anteriorly and towards the right.
Shoulder presentations are uncommon (about 0.5% of births) [1] since, usually, toward the end of gestation, either the head or the buttocks start to enter the upper part of the pelvis, anchoring the fetus in a longitudinal lie. It is not known in all cases of shoulder presentation why the longitudinal line is not reached, but possible causes ...
Cephalic presentation; N. Naegele obliquity; P. Position (obstetrics) Posterior shoulder; Presentation (obstetrics) This page was last edited on 4 November 2018, at ...
External cephalic version (ECV) is a process by which a breech baby can sometimes be turned from buttocks or foot first to head first. It is a manual procedure that is recommended by national guidelines for breech presentation of a pregnancy with a single baby, in order to enable vaginal delivery .
With regard to the fetal presentation during pregnancy, three periods have been distinguished. [5] During the first period, which lasts until the 24th gestational week, the incidence of a longitudinal lie increases, with equal proportions of breech or cephalic presentations from this lie. This period is characterized by frequent changes of ...
Cephalic disorders (from Greek κεφαλή 'head') are congenital conditions that stem from damage to, or abnormal development of, the budding nervous system.. Cephalic disorders are not necessarily caused by a single factor, but may be influenced by hereditary or genetic conditions, nutritional deficiencies, or by environmental exposures during pregnancy, such as medication taken by the ...
Cephalometric analysis is the clinical application of cephalometry.It is analysis of the dental and skeletal relationships of a human skull. [1] It is frequently used by dentists, orthodontists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons as a treatment planning tool. [2]