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Leukoplakia is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning that which lesions are included depends upon what diagnoses are currently considered acceptable. [29] Accepted definitions of leukoplakia have changed over time and are still controversial. [30] It is possible that the definition will be further revised as new knowledge becomes available. [29]
Hairy leukoplakia is a white patch on the side of the tongue with a corrugated or hairy appearance. It is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and occurs usually in persons who are immunocompromised , especially those with human immunodeficiency virus infection/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS).
Within the latter type, the hairs occur in structures called pilosebaceous units, each with hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and associated arrector pili muscle. [4] In the embryo , the epidermis, hair, and glands form from the ectoderm , which is chemically influenced by the underlying mesoderm that forms the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.
Assessment of the tongue has historically been an important part of a medical examination. [12] The shape and color of the tongue is examined and observed diagnostically in traditional Chinese medicine. For example, scalloping of the tongue is said to indicate qi vacuity. [13]
When called phrynoderma, the condition is associated ... The term hyperkeratosis is often used in connection with lesions of the mucous membranes, such as leukoplakia.
Erythroplakia is a clinical term to describe any erythematous (red) area on a mucous membrane, [2] that cannot be attributed to any other pathology. [3]: 805 The term erythroplasia was coined by Louis Queyrat to describe a precancerous red lesion of the penis. [4] This gave rise to the term erythoplasia of Queyrat. Depending upon the context ...
Leukopenia (from Greek λευκός (leukos) 'white' and πενία (penia) 'deficiency') is a decrease in the number of leukocytes (WBC).Found in the blood, they are the white blood cells, and are the body's primary defense against an infection.
Hairy tongue may be confused with hairy leukoplakia, however the latter usually occurs on the sides of the tongue and is associated with an opportunistic infection with Epstein–Barr virus on a background immunocompromise (almost always human immunodeficiency virus infection but rarely other conditions which suppress the immune system).