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Even prior to a declaration of war by the United States, shortages of coal were experienced in the winter of 1916-17. To address concerns about a steady supply of fuel to support military and industrial operations and for use by consumers, in 1917 the Federal Fuel Administration was established and US President Woodrow Wilson appointed Harry A. Garfield to lead the agency.
In modern times coal is still considered a strategic resource for Poland's economy. It covers roughly 65% of energetic needs. Before and after World War II Poland has been one of the major coal producers worldwide, usually listed among the five largest. However, after 1989 the coal production is in decline, with the overall production for 1994 ...
During World War II, the Solid Fuels Administration for War operated government-seized coal mines, either directly or through cooperation with successive Coal Mines Administrations. [41] In the 1960s a series of mergers saw coal production shift from small, independent coal companies to large, more diversified firms.
The national coal strike of 1912 was the first national strike by coal miners in Britain. Its main goal of securing a minimum wage. After a million men had walked out for 37 days, the UK Government intervened and ended the strike by passing a minimum wage law. [16] This caused many problems with ships due to the shortage of fuel.
Ruins of coal elevator in a synthetic gasoline plant from WWII (IG Farben Industrie Police, Poland) Coal hydrogenation is not used commercially any more. [5] The Bergius process was extensively used by Brabag, a cartel firm of Nazi Germany. Plants that used the process were targeted for bombing during the Oil Campaign of World War II. At ...
Coal liquefaction was an important part of Adolf Hitler's four-year plan of 1936, and became an integral part of German industry during World War II. [4] During the mid-1930s, companies like IG Farben and Ruhrchemie initiated industrial production of synthetic fuels derived from coal. This led to the construction of twelve DCL plants using ...
In Kosovo, a state-owned energy company plans to destroy a village to make way for expanded coal mining as the government and the World Bank plan for a proposed coal-burning power plant. The government has already forced roughly 1,000 residents from their homes. Many former residents claim officials violated World Bank policy requiring borrowers to restore their living conditions at equal or ...
Most coal is used as fuel. 27.6% of world energy was supplied by coal in 2017 and Asia used almost three-quarters of it. [79] Other large-scale applications also exist. The energy density of coal is roughly 24 megajoules per kilogram [80] (approximately 6.7 kilowatt-hours per kg). For a coal power plant with a 40% efficiency, it takes an ...