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Integrative CALL: embracing Multimedia and the Internet: 1990s. Most CALL programs in Warschauer & Healey's first phase, Behavioristic CALL (1960s to 1970s), consisted of drill-and-practice materials in which the computer presented a stimulus and the learner provided a response. At first, both could be done only through text.
The Internet (or internet) [a] is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) [b] to communicate between networks and devices. It is a network of networks that consists of private , public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of ...
Teaching English as a second language (TESL) refers to teaching English to students whose first language is not English. The teaching profession has used different names for TEFL and TESL; the generic "teaching English to speakers of other languages" (TESOL) is increasingly used, which covers TESL and TEFL as an umbrella term.
Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia; [baˈhasa indoˈnesija]) is the official and national language of Indonesia. [9] It is a standardized variety of Malay , [ 10 ] an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries.
Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains dan Matematik Dalam Bahasa Inggeris (PPSMI, Malay for the teaching and learning of science and mathematics in English) is a government policy aimed at improving the command of the English language among pupils at primary and secondary schools in Malaysia.
It has also become the de facto lingua franca of diplomacy, science, technology, international trade, logistics, tourism, aviation, entertainment, and the Internet. [10] English accounts for at least 70% of total native speakers of the Germanic languages, and Ethnologue estimated that there were over 1.5 billion speakers worldwide as of 2021.