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There are two methods of smelting zinc: the pyrometallurgical process and the electrolysis process. [2] Both methods are still used. [2] [4] Both of these processes share the same first step: roasting. The top path is the pyrometallurgical process of smelting zinc and the bottom path is the electrolytic process.
Leaching is done in long pressure vessels which are cylindrical (horizontal or vertical) or of horizontal tube form known as autoclaves. A good example of the autoclave leach process can also be found in the metallurgy of zinc. It is best described by the following chemical reaction: [citation needed] 2 ZnS + O 2 + 2 H 2 SO 4 → 2 ZnSO 4 + 2 H ...
The Albion process is an atmospheric leaching process for processing zinc concentrate, refractory copper and refractory gold. [1] The process is important because it is the most cost-effective method currently in use for extracting both the zinc and lead from concentrates that contain high lead levels (7% or greater).
Biological substances can experience leaching themselves, [2] as well as be used for leaching as part of the solvent substance to recover heavy metals. [6] Many plants experience leaching of phenolics, carbohydrates, and amino acids, and can experience as much as 30% mass loss from leaching, [5] just from sources of water such as rain, dew, mist, and fog. [2]
In electrowinning, an electrical current is passed from an inert anode through a leach solution containing the dissolved metal ions so that the metal is recovered as it is reduced and deposited in an electroplating process onto the cathode. In electrorefining, the anode consists of the impure metal (e.g., copper) to be refined. The impure ...
Zn + H 2 SO 4 + 7 H 2 O → ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O + H 2. Pharmaceutical-grade zinc sulfate is produced by treating high-purity zinc oxide with sulfuric acid: ZnO + H 2 SO 4 + 6 H 2 O → ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O. In aqueous solution, all forms of zinc sulfate behave identically. These aqueous solutions consist of the metal aquo complex [Zn(H 2 O) 6] 2+ and SO ...
Graphitic corrosion is selective leaching of iron, from grey cast iron, where iron is removed and graphite grains remain intact. Affected surfaces develop a layer of graphite, rust, and metallurgical impurities that may inhibit further leaching. The effect can be substantially reduced by alloying the cast iron with nickel. [2]
Bioleaching is the extraction or liberation of metals from their ores through the use of living organisms.Bioleaching is one of several applications within biohydrometallurgy and several methods are used to treat ores or concentrates containing copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, antimony, nickel, molybdenum, gold, silver, and cobalt.