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Verbal irony is "a statement in which the meaning that a speaker employs is sharply different from the meaning that is ostensibly expressed". [1] Moreover, it is produced intentionally by the speaker, rather than being a literary construct, for instance, or the result of forces outside of their control. [ 19 ]
Irony – Creating a trope through implying the opposite of the standard meaning, such as describing a bad situation as "good times". Litotes – A figure of speech and form of verbal irony in which understatement is used to emphasize a point by stating a negative to further affirm a positive, often incorporating double negatives for effect.
Anaphora – a succession of sentences beginning with the same word or group of words. Anastrophe – inversion of the natural word order. Anecdote – a brief narrative describing an interesting or amusing event. Antanaclasis – a figure of speech involving a pun, consisting of the repeated use of the same word, each time with different meanings.
Verbal irony is where what is meant is the opposite of what is said, while sarcasm adds that little punch of attitude,” Warner noted. #18 Damn, This Guy Is Good. Image credits: LADbible
Second, people may be unintentionally ironic, but sarcasm requires intention. What is essential to sarcasm is that it is overt irony intentionally used by the speaker as a form of verbal aggression. [10] Lexicographer Henry Watson Fowler writes in A Dictionary of Modern English Usage: Sarcasm does not necessarily involve irony.
Irony: use of word in a way that conveys a meaning opposite to its usual meaning. [18] Kenning: using a compound word neologism to form a metonym. Litotes: emphasizing the magnitude of a statement by denying its opposite. Malapropism: using a word through confusion with a word that sounds similar.
Some authors treat and use antiphrasis just as irony, euphemism or litotes. [ 2 ] When the antiphrasal use is very common, the word can become an auto-antonym , [ 3 ] having opposite meanings depending on context.
Other prosodic constructions are "general prosodic constructions" that can be "superimposed on" various verbal content. [2] An example is the Minor-Third Construction, a common way to to call to get someone's attention, as in Isa bel or Excuse me, or to cue some action, as in go for it, knock knock and peek-a-boo in infant-directed speech. [3]