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The free androgen index is intended to give a guide to the free testosterone level, but it is not very accurate (especially in males — see endocrine society commentary below). Consequently, there are no universally agreed 'normal ranges', and levels slightly above or below quoted laboratory reference ranges may not be clinically significant.
But when considering calculated free testosterone, luteinizing hormones, and sex hormone-binding globulin levels, up to 20.2 percent of men would qualify as having subsets of the condition, like ...
Testosterone and estradiol circulate in the bloodstream, loosely bound mostly to serum albumin (~54%), and to a lesser extent bound tightly to SHBG (~44%). Only a very small fraction of about 1 to 2% is unbound, or "free," and thus biologically active and able to enter a cell and activate its receptor. SHBG inhibits the function of these hormones.
During this transition, the body stops releasing estrogen at a faster rate than it stops releasing androgens. In some cases, the difference between the lower estrogen levels and higher androgen levels can produce hyperandrogenism. A decrease in sex hormone levels while the free androgen index increases can also contribute to this process. [51]
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Testosterone, total Refs Endocrine Society: United States: 100–200 pg/mL <50 ng/dL [1] World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) United States "[T]estosterone levels [...] below the upper limit of the normal female range and estradiol levels within a premenopausal female range but well below supraphysiologic levels."
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
The free androgen index, essentially a calculation based on total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin levels, is the worst predictor of free testosterone levels and should not be used. [17] Measurement by equilibrium dialysis or mass spectroscopy is generally required for accurate results, particularly for free testosterone which is ...