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Consequently, if a liquid has dynamic viscosity of n centiPoise, and its density is not too different from that of water, then its kinematic viscosity is around n centiStokes. For gas, the dynamic viscosity is usually in the range of 10 to 20 microPascal-seconds, or 0.01 to 0.02 centiPoise. The density is usually on the order of 0.5 to 5 kg/m^3.
When converting oil density to specific gravity using the above definition, it is important to use the correct density of water, according to the standard conditions used when the measurement was made. The official density of water at 60 °F according to the 2008 edition of ASTM D1250 is 999.016 kg/m 3. [2] The 1980 value is 999.012 kg/m 3. [3]
Specific gravity is defined as the density of the solvent divided by the density of water at the same temperature. As such, specific gravity is a unitless value. It readily communicates whether a water-insoluble solvent will float (SG < 1.0) or sink (SG > 1.0) when mixed with water.
For example, when one adds equal amounts of salt and sugar to equal amounts of water, the degrees Brix of the salt solution rises faster than the sugar solution, because it is denser. The °Bx is traditionally used in the wine , sugar , carbonated beverage , fruit juice , fresh produce , maple syrup , and honey industries.
They typically contain less than 5% (by volume) water. Oil-based muds are usually a mixture of diesel fuel and asphalt, however can be based on produced crude oil and mud; Synthetic-based Muds (SBM): Synthetic-based muds are made from synthetic fluids and are used in deep wells with extreme temperatures. SBM has excellent lubricating properties ...
The unusual density curve and lower density of ice than of water is essential for much of the life on earth—if water were most dense at the freezing point, then in winter the cooling at the surface would lead to convective mixing. Once 0 °C are reached, the water body would freeze from the bottom up, and all life in it would be killed. [36]
Saturn is the only planet of the Solar System that is less dense than water—about 30% less. [39] Although Saturn's core is considerably denser than water, the average specific density of the planet is 0.69 g/cm 3, because of the atmosphere. Jupiter has 318 times Earth's mass, [40] and Saturn is 95 times Earth's mass. [6]
An ideal solution or ideal mixture is a solution that exhibits thermodynamic properties analogous to those of a mixture of ideal gases. [1] [2] The enthalpy of mixing is zero [3] as is the volume change on mixing. [2]