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The emergence of the human security discourse was the product of a convergence of factors at the end of the Cold War.These challenged the dominance of the neorealist paradigm's focus on states, "mutually assured destruction" and military security and briefly enabled a broader concept of security to emerge.
Community Safety or Community Security (CS) is, according to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), a concept that seeks to operationalize human security, human development and state-building paradigms at the local level. The contemporary concept of community security, narrowly defined, includes both group and personal security.
The Gateway "focuses attention on threats stemming from violence to individuals and to societies at risk". [2] It uses an approach to gathering and categorizing information that is complementary to the "broad" conception of human security; [3] this is the same definition of human security that the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) used in its 1994 Human Development Report.
Human security derives from the traditional concept of security from military threats to the safety of people and communities. [37] It is an extension of mere existence (survival) to well-being and dignity of human beings. [37] Human security is an emerging school of thought about the practice of international security.
The concept of humanitarian protection was established by the 1949 Geneva Conventions and responsibility to ensure protection was mandated to the International Committee of the Red Cross. Outside of times of crises, national governments tend to have responsibility to ensure that people's rights are protected, but during humanitarian emergencies ...
The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights reports cases of sexual violence by security forces, hate speech, and incitement to violence by some government officials. Responses by the international community include a Security Council-mandated police force with the goal of monitoring the situation.
Security referents may be persons or social groups, objects, institutions, ecosystems, or any other phenomenon vulnerable to unwanted change by the forces of its environment. [3] The referent in question may combine many referents in the same way that, for example, a nation-state is composed of many individual citizens. [4]
Health security is a concept that encompasses activities and measures across sovereign boundaries that mitigates public health incidents to ensure the health of populations. [1] It is an evolving paradigm within the fields of international relations and security studies . [ 2 ]