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Service rifle cartridge cases: (left to right) 7.62×54mmR, 7.62×51mm NATO, 7.62×39mm, 5.56×45mm NATO, 5.45×39mm The development of the cartridge that eventually became the .223 Remington (from which 5.56mm NATO would eventually be developed) would be intrinsically linked to the development of a new lightweight combat rifle.
The 6.8mm Remington Special Purpose Cartridge (6.8 SPC, 6.8 SPC II or 6.8×43mm) is a rimless bottlenecked intermediate rifle cartridge that was developed by Remington Arms in collaboration with members of the U.S. Army Marksmanship Unit and United States Special Operations Command [6] to possibly replace the 5.56 NATO cartridge in short barreled rifles (SBR) and carbines.
In 1968 Günter Frères developed the parent case, the rimmed 5.6×50mmR Magnum (designated 5,6 x 50 R Mag. by the C.I.P. According to the official C.I.P ruling, the rimless 5.6×50mm Magnum can handle up to 380.00 MPa (55,114 psi) P max piezo pressure, which is 40.00 MPa (5,802 psi) more than the rimmed parent case developed four years prior.
Case type Bullet Case length Rim Base Shoulder Neck ... .22 Long Rifle: straight: 5.68 (.224) 15.11 (.595) ... [5] 5.194.2045 rebated rim 46.99: 1.850 9.60.378
Lack of a case also reduces the weight of the cartridge substantially, especially in small bore rifles. For example, the external-propellant caseless ammunition designed by Austrian inventor Hubert Usel (1926–2010) for the Voere VEC-91 weighs about one third as much as regular ammunition for the same caliber.
The case head diameter of the Grendel is the same as that of the 5.6×39mm (.220 Russian), 7.62×39mm and 6.5mm PPC cases. This diameter is larger than the 5.56×45mm NATO, thereby necessitating the use of a non-standard AR-15 bolt. The increased case diameter results in a small reduction in the magazine ammo capacities.
The 5.6×57mm cartridge case has a distinctively thick case wall, and this causes significant problems when handloading, owing to the force that needs to be used through the press when re-sizing the case neck. It has been suggested that this unusual neck thickness is the result of the use of .22 rimfire chamber adapters in centrefire rifles ...
The Heckler & Koch MG5 (in the development phase also known as the HK121) is a belt-fed 7.62×51mm NATO general-purpose machine gun manufactured by German firearm manufacturer Heckler & Koch. The MG5 resembles the 5.56×45mm NATO Heckler & Koch MG4 light machine gun, which was adopted into German military service in 2015.