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In gravitationally bound systems, the orbital speed of an astronomical body or object (e.g. planet, moon, artificial satellite, spacecraft, or star) is the speed at which it orbits around either the barycenter (the combined center of mass) or, if one body is much more massive than the other bodies of the system combined, its speed relative to the center of mass of the most massive body.
This equates to an orbital speed of 3.07 kilometres per second (1.91 miles per second) and an orbital period of 1,436 minutes, one sidereal day. This ensures that the satellite will match the Earth's rotational period and has a stationary footprint on the ground. All geostationary satellites have to be located on this ring.
A view from the International Space Station in a low Earth orbit (LEO) at about 400 km (250 mi), with yellow-green airglow visible at Earth's horizon, where roughly at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) the boundary between Earth and outer space lies and flying speeds reach orbital velocities.
A satellite with an orbital inclination between 90° and 180° (or, equivalently, between 0° and −90°) is said to be in a retrograde orbit. [note 2] A satellite in a direct orbit with an orbital period less than one day will tend to move from west to east along its ground track. This is called "apparent direct" motion.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 23 February 2025. Objects intentionally placed into orbit This article is about human-made satellites. For moons, see Natural satellite. For other uses, see Satellite (disambiguation). Two CubeSats orbiting around Earth after being deployed from the ISS KibÅ module's Small Satellite Orbital Deployer A ...
Such a satellite spends most of its time over two designated areas of the planet. An inclination of 63.4° is normally used to keep the perigee shift small. [15] Supersynchronous orbit: Any orbit in which the orbital period of a satellite or celestial body is greater than the rotational period of the body which contains the barycenter of the orbit.
The square of a satellite's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the planet. ... is the speed of the orbiting body, ...
Orbital speed: 7.67 km/s; 27,600 km/h; 17,100 mph [5 ... it could not have been easily accommodated on a free flying satellite platform because of its power and ...