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The Government of Vichy France was the collaborationist ruling regime or government in Nazi-occupied France during the Second World War.Of contested legitimacy, it was headquartered in the town of Vichy in occupied France, but it initially took shape in Paris under Marshal Philippe Pétain as the successor to the French Third Republic in June 1940.
The provisional government considered the Vichy government to have been unconstitutional and all of its actions therefore without legitimate authority. All "constitutional acts, legislative or regulatory" taken by the Vichy government, as well as decrees taken to implement them, were declared null and void by the Ordinance of 9 August 1944. In ...
Under the National Revolution, the Vichy regime abolished parliamentary democracy, prompting the establishment of the National Council as a new advisory body. Announced in January 1941, [1] the Council sought to serve as a forum for discussions and recommendations on administrative and constitutional reforms in a context of national reconstruction.
The law established the Vichy regime and passed with 569 votes to 80, with 20 abstentions. The group of 80 parliamentarians who voted against it are known as the Vichy 80. The law gave all the government powers to Philippe Pétain, and further authorized him to take all necessary measures to write a new constitution. [1]
Between 1941 and 1943, three committees were created to control musical professions under the Vichy government. These committees implemented strict German directives, including the decree of June 6, 1942, which banned Jewish individuals from holding artistic positions in performances, films, and concerts.
The terms Zone libre (Free Zone), Vichy France, Vichy regime, southern zone, French State, and État français are all synonyms and refer to the state in the south of France governed from Vichy during World War II and headed by French World War I hero Marshal Philippe Pétain.
Case Anton (German: Unternehmen Anton) was the military occupation of Vichy France carried out by Germany and Italy in November 1942. It marked the end of the Vichy regime as a nominally independent state and the disbanding of its army (the severely-limited Armistice Army), but it continued its existence as a puppet government in Occupied France.
Bichelonne was one of the cabinet members taken under SS guard from Vichy to Belfort on the night of 17–18 August 1944 as the Nazis desperately sought to maintain the collaborationist government by any means necessary. [9] Moved to the Sigmaringen enclave, Bichelonne fell ill and was sent to the SS hospital at Hohenlychen. [10]