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The first step in diagnosis is to determine the etiology of abdominal distension. After making a differential diagnosis of abdominal distension, it is important to take a careful medical history. [9] Here are the most common causes of abdominal distension classified as an underlying cause and as a secondary disease. As an underlying disease cause:
In medicine, Carnett's sign is a finding on clinical examination in which abdominal pain remains unchanged or increases when the muscles of the abdominal wall are tensed. [1] [2] For this part of the abdominal examination, the patient can be asked to lift the head and shoulders from the examination table to tense the abdominal muscles.
Pneumoperitoneum is pneumatosis (abnormal presence of air or other gas) in the peritoneal cavity, a potential space within the abdominal cavity.The most common cause is a perforated abdominal organ, generally from a perforated peptic ulcer, although any part of the bowel may perforate from a benign ulcer, tumor or abdominal trauma.
Since the abdomen contains most of the body's vital organs, it can be an indicator of a wide variety of diseases. Given that, approaching the examination of a person and planning of a differential diagnosis is extremely important. [3] Common causes of pain in the abdomen include gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome. [3]
A CT scan or ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis are the preferred imaging modalities in the evaluate of an acute abdomen. [9] The use of radiocontrast agents with CT scans improve diagnostic accuracy. [3] Some authors advocate for the use of CT angiography with contrast of the abdomen and pelvis as the preferred imaging modality. [3]
Ascites (/ ə ˈ s aɪ t i z /; [5] Greek: ἀσκός, romanized: askos, meaning "bag" or "sac" [6]) is the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen. [1] Technically, it is more than 25 ml of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, although volumes greater than one liter may occur. [4]
Differential diagnosis appendicitis , gastrointestinal hemorrhage The psoas sign , also known as Cope's sign (or Cope's psoas test [ 1 ] ) or Obraztsova's sign, [ 2 ] is a medical sign that indicates irritation to the iliopsoas group of hip flexors in the abdomen , and consequently indicates that the inflamed appendix is retrocaecal in ...
The appendix is commonly located in the retrocecal or pelvic region. The obturator sign indicates the presence of an inflamed pelvic appendix. Evidence shows that the obturator test does not adequately diagnose appendicitis, but can be used in conjunction with other signs and symptoms to make a diagnosis. [2]