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  2. p-value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-value

    In a significance test, the null hypothesis is rejected if the p-value is less than or equal to a predefined threshold value , which is referred to as the alpha level or significance level. α {\displaystyle \alpha } is not derived from the data, but rather is set by the researcher before examining the data.

  3. Type I and type II errors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_I_and_type_II_errors

    The solution to this question would be to report the p-value or significance level α of the statistic. For example, if the p-value of a test statistic result is estimated at 0.0596, then there is a probability of 5.96% that we falsely reject H 0. Or, if we say, the statistic is performed at level α, like 0.05, then we allow to falsely reject ...

  4. Pearson correlation coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson_correlation...

    The p-value for the permutation test is the proportion of the r values generated in step (2) that are larger than the Pearson correlation coefficient that was calculated from the original data. Here "larger" can mean either that the value is larger in magnitude, or larger in signed value, depending on whether a two-sided or one-sided test is ...

  5. Levene's test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levene's_test

    If the resulting p-value of Levene's test is less than some significance level (typically 0.05), the obtained differences in sample variances are unlikely to have occurred based on random sampling from a population with equal variances. Thus, the null hypothesis of equal variances is rejected and it is concluded that there is a difference ...

  6. Pearson's chi-squared test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson's_chi-squared_test

    For the test of independence, also known as the test of homogeneity, a chi-squared probability of less than or equal to 0.05 (or the chi-squared statistic being at or larger than the 0.05 critical point) is commonly interpreted by applied workers as justification for rejecting the null hypothesis that the row variable is independent of the ...

  7. Statistical hypothesis test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_test

    If the p-value is less than the chosen significance threshold (equivalently, if the observed test statistic is in the critical region), then we say the null hypothesis is rejected at the chosen level of significance. If the p-value is not less than the chosen significance threshold (equivalently, if the observed test statistic is outside the ...

  8. Statistical significance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significance

    To determine whether a result is statistically significant, a researcher calculates a p-value, which is the probability of observing an effect of the same magnitude or more extreme given that the null hypothesis is true. [5] [12] The null hypothesis is rejected if the p-value is less than (or equal to) a predetermined level, .

  9. Fisher's method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher's_method

    Under Fisher's method, two small p-values P 1 and P 2 combine to form a smaller p-value.The darkest boundary defines the region where the meta-analysis p-value is below 0.05.. For example, if both p-values are around 0.10, or if one is around 0.04 and one is around 0.25, the meta-analysis p-value is around 0