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Hydrochloric acid is a strong inorganic acid that is used in many industrial processes such as refining metal. The application often determines the required product quality. [25] Hydrogen chloride, not hydrochloric acid, is used more widely in industrial organic chemistry, e.g. for vinyl chloride and dichloroethane. [8]
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
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White solids of impure benzoic acid are obtained. The benzoic acid is decanted to remove the aqueous solution of impurities, more water is added, and the mixture is brought to a boil with more water added to give a homogeneous solution. The solution is allowed to cool slowly to room temperature, then in an ice bath to recrystallize benzoic acid.
At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry. Hydrochloric acid, the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, is also commonly given the formula HCl.
The Mannheim process is an industrial process for the production of hydrogen chloride and sodium sulfate from sulfuric acid and sodium chloride. [1] The Mannheim furnace is also used to produce potassium sulfate from potassium chloride. [2] The Mannheim process is a stage in the Leblanc process for the production of sodium carbonate.
1766 – Henry Cavendish publishes in "On Factitious Airs" a description of "dephlogisticated air" by reacting zinc metal with hydrochloric acid and isolates a gas 7 to 11 times lighter than air. 1774 – Joseph Priestley isolates and categorizes oxygen. 1780 – Felice Fontana discovers the water-gas shift reaction.
Acid–base extraction is a subclass of liquid–liquid extractions and involves the separation of chemical species from other acidic or basic compounds. [1] It is typically performed during the work-up step following a chemical synthesis to purify crude compounds [2] and results in the product being largely free of acidic or basic impurities.