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Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma varies by the stage of disease, a person's likelihood to tolerate surgery, and availability of liver transplantation: Curative intention: for limited disease, when the cancer is limited to one or more areas of within the liver, surgically removing the malignant cells may be curative.
Partial surgical resection is the recommended treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) when patients have sufficient hepatic function reserve. [39] 5-year survival rates after resection have massively improved over the last few decades and can now range from 41 to 74%. [39]
CA19-9 can be elevated in many types of gastrointestinal cancer, such as colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. [1] Apart from cancer, elevated levels may occur in pancreatitis, cirrhosis, [1] and diseases of the bile ducts. [1] [3] It can also be elevated in people with obstruction of the bile ducts. [3]
The treatment of chronic liver disease depends on the cause. Specific conditions may be treated with medications including corticosteroids , interferon , antivirals , bile acids or other drugs. Supportive therapy for complications of cirrhosis include diuretics , albumin , vitamin K , blood products , antibiotics and nutritional therapy.
Successful treatment decreases the future risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by 75%. [115] Before 2012, sustained response occurred in about 40–50% of those with HCV genotype 1 who received 48 weeks of treatment. [5] A sustained response was seen in 70–80% of people with HCV genotypes 2 and 3 following 24 weeks of treatment. [5]
This disease was first described by Hugh Edmondson in a 14-year-old female with no underlying liver disease. [26] The name fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma was coined by Craig et al. in 1980. [27] It was not recognized as a distinct form of cancer by the WHO until 2010. [28]
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is significantly expressed in foetal liver. However, the mechanism that led to the suppression of AFP synthesis in adults is not fully known. Exposure of the liver to cancer-causing agents and arrest of liver maturation in childhood can lead to the rise in AFP. AFP can reach until 400–500 μg/L in hepatocellular ...
Treatment of hepatomegaly varies with the cause, so accurate diagnosis is the first concern. In auto-immune liver disease, prednisone and azathioprine may be used for treatment. [3] In lymphoma the treatment options include single-agent (or multi-agent) chemotherapy and regional