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Thymus atrophy during early human development (childhood) is an example of physiologic atrophy. Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common pathologic adaptation to skeletal muscle disuse (commonly called "disuse atrophy"). Tissue and organs especially susceptible to atrophy include skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, secondary sex organs, and the brain ...
Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. Causes of atrophy include mutations (which can destroy the gene to build up the organ), poor nourishment, poor circulation, loss of hormonal support, loss of nerve supply to the target organ, excessive amount of apoptosis of cells, and disuse or lack of exercise or disease intrinsic to the tissue itself.
Pathophysiology (or physiopathology) is a branch of study, at the intersection of pathology and physiology, concerning disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury. Pathology is the medical discipline that describes conditions typically observed during a disease state, whereas ...
The constant communication between the heart and the brain have proved invaluable to the interdisciplinary fields of neurological and cardiac diseases. [4] The fundamental understanding of the communication between the heart and the brain via the nervous system has led scientists towards an understanding of its elaborate circuitry.
Pathologic pressure mismatches between the pulmonary and systemic circulation guide compensatory remodeling of the left and right ventricles. The term "reverse remodeling" in cardiology implies an improvement in ventricular mechanics and function following a remote injury or pathological process.
Spinal cord injury [13] or traumatic brain injury [26] Synucleinopathy, a group of neurodegenerative diseases including pure autonomic failure, Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy [6] Surgery or injury involving the nerves [13] Toxicity (vincristine) [27]
Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain. [1] Atrophy of any tissue means a decrement in the size of the cell, which can be due to progressive loss of cytoplasmic proteins. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them. Brain atrophy can be classified into two ...
Corpus callosum, connecting the two sides of the brain, in agenesis of the corpus callosum; Cerebellum caused by mutation in the reelin gene; Tooth caused by oral pathology, such as Turner's hypoplasia; Chambers of the heart in hypoplastic left heart syndrome and hypoplastic right heart syndrome; Optic nerve in optic nerve hypoplasia; Sacrum in ...